Treatment Options for Male Factor Infertility

Treatment options for male factor infertility are determined by the problem in the male reproductive system that leads to infertility. Once the precise cause is identified, the appropriate treatment option can be initiated.

Male factor infertility can occur as a result of sperm disorders, structural blockages or defects, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and health conditions or medical treatments of such conditions. The majority of male infertility cases are treated with artificial insemination techniques.

Male infertility treatment options include the following:

• Intrauterine insemination (IUI)– typically used in cases of mild to moderate male factor infertility. During IUI, a woman’s egg production is stimulated through the use of fertility medications, encouraging the development of multiple follicles. The male partner produces a semen specimen, which is then washed and concentrated before being placed into the uterus via a catheter
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) – often reserved until specific treatment of male and female factor infertility is attempted and is unsuccessful, IVF requires the female partner to undergo ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval. High-quality sperm that has been washed and concentrated is then mixed with the oocytes in the lab. Once fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo is transferred to the uterus in 5 days
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) – used in cases of significant male factor infertility, a woman first undergoes ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval. Next, a single sperm is injected into each egg for fertilization. Once adequate growth occurs, the embryo is then transferred to the uterus in 5 days.
• Surgical sperm extraction – cases of male factor infertility related to ejaculation problems may benefit from surgical sperm extraction. Performed under sedation or general anesthesia, sperm is extracted from the epididymis or testicles, using a fine needle. Sperm may be frozen for later use or washed and injected directly into the egg using IVF/ICSI.
• Donor sperm – sperm donation is another option for couples experiencing male factor infertility. In this procedure, the female partner is artificially inseminated with sperm from a donor. It may serve as a more affordable option than more advanced treatment options

The above treatment options have resulted in viable pregnancies for many couples. Consult any of the URA fertility specialists for further information on male factor infertility and the various treatment options